Bulging

Bulging tools expand the bottom of the previously drawn shells. The bulged bottoms of some types of coffee pots are formed in bulging tools.

Forming

Forming tools apply more complex forms to work pieces. The line of bend is curved instead of straight and the metal is subjected to plastic flow or deformation.

Embossing

In a embossing operation of shallow surface detail is formed by displacement of the metal between two opposing mated tool surface

Bending

Bending tools apply simple bends to stampings. A simple bend in which the line of bend is done in which the line of bend is straight. One or more bends may be involved, and bending tools are a large important class of press tools.

Broaching

Broaching operations are similar to shaving operation. A series of teeth removes metal instead of just one tooth as in shaving.

Assembly tools

Represented is an assembly tool operation where two studs are riveted at the end of a link. Assembly tools assemble the parts with great speed and they are being used more and more.

Progressive operations

Progressive operations are those in which progressive tools perform work at a number of stations simultaneously. A complete part is cutoff blanked at the final station, with each stroke of the press.

Compound

Compound tools pierce and blank simultaneously at the same station. They are more expensive to build and they are used where considerable accuracy is required in the part.

Extruding

Extruding tools cause metal to be extruded or squeezed out, much as toothpaste is extruded from its tube when pressure is applied. Figure shows a collapsible tool formed and extruded from a solid slug of metal.

Swaging

In swaging operations, drawn shells or tubes are reduced in diameter for a portion of their lengths.

Curling

Curling tools curl the edges of a drawn shell to provide strength and rigidity. The curl may be applied over a wire ring for increased strength. You may have seen the tops of the sheet metal piece curled in this manner. Flat part may be curled also. A good example would be a hinge in which both members are curled to provide a hole for the hinge pin.

Lancing

It is a combination of cutting and bending operation along a line in the work material.

Drawing

Drawing tools transform flat sheets of metal into cups, shells or other drawn shapes by subjecting the material to severe plastic deformation. Shown in fig is a rather deep shell that has been drawn from a flat sheet.

Shaving

Shaving removes a small amount of material around the edges of a previously blanked stampings or piercing. A straight, smooth edge is provided and therefore shaving frequently performed on instrument parts, watch and clock parts and the like.

Piercing

Piercing tools pierce holes in previously blanked, formed, or drawn parts. It is often impractical to pierce holes while forming because they would become distorted in the forming operation. In such cases they are pierced in a piercing tool after forming.

Trimming

When cups and shells are drawn from flat sheet metal the edge is left wavy and irregular, due to uneven flow of metal. This irregular edge is trimmed in a trimming die. Shown is flanged shell, as well as the trimmed ring removed from around the edge. While a small amount of material is removed from the slide of a component or strip is also called as trimming.

Parting off

It is similar to cut off operation except the cut is in double line. Parting off is an operation which involves cutoff operation to produce blank from the strip as shown in figure. During parting, some scrape is produced. Therefore parting is next best method for cutting blanks.

Cut off

Cut off operations are those in which stop of suitable width is out to length to single. Preliminary operations before cutting off include piercing, notching and embossing. Although they are relatively simple, cut-off tools can produce many parts.

Blank

Blanking

When a component is produced with one single punch and die with entire periphery is cut is called blanking. Stamping having an irregular contour must be blanked from the strip. Piercing embossing and various other operations may be performed on the strip prior to the blanking station.

Blank is the part which is used from the sheet metal after operation.

Various operations performed in press tools

Blanking

Cut off

Parting off

Trimming

Piercing

Broaching

Embossing

Bending

Forming

Drawing

Lancing

Curling

Bulging

Swaging

Compound

Progressive operations

Assembly tools